How to Design Machine Parts?
time2021/06/30
- The design of machine parts plays a decisive role in the accuracy of the final machine parts products. This article will specifically introduce the design method of machine parts.
The design of machine parts is to study the design of general parts from the aspects of the machine's working principle, load-bearing capacity, structure, and maintenance. In the design process of machine parts, the shape and size of the parts must be reasonably determined. The following is the specific method of designing machine parts.
Conventional design method
1. Theoretical design
Theoretical design is a design based on design theory and experimental data. It can be divided into design calculation and check calculation. The design calculation is based on the working conditions of the parts, the calculation criteria are selected, and the main geometric dimensions and parameters of the parts are calculated according to the specified requirements. The check calculation is to first determine the main dimensions and parameters of the parts according to other methods, and then check whether the parts are safe according to the requirements of the calculation criteria. Since the relevant dimensions of the parts are known when the calculation is checked, the structural factors and dimensional factors that affect the strength can be included, and the calculation results are more accurate.
2. Experience design
Empirical design is a design based on existing empirical formulas or the designer’s own work experience, or with the aid of analogy methods. This is mainly suitable for the parts whose structural shape has been typified with little change in requirements, such as the structural elements of boxes, racks, transmission parts, etc.
3. Model experiment design
This design is for some important machine precious parts with huge sizes and complex structures. According to the results of the preliminary design, a small size model is made in proportion, and its various characteristics are tested by experimental means, and then the original design is carried out according to the experimental results. Modify gradually to achieve a perfect design. Model experiment design is a design method adopted to accumulate new experience, develop new theories, and obtain good results when the design theory is not yet mature and the existing experience is not enough to solve the design problem. However, this design method is time-consuming and expensive and is generally only used in particularly important designs.
Design steps
(1) Select the type and structure of the part. This should be carried out on the basis of familiarity with the types, characteristics, and application scope of various parts according to the requirements of the use of the parts.
(2) Analyze and calculate the load. Analyzing and calculating the load is to determine the load acting on the part according to the working condition of the machine.
(3) Choose suitable materials. The appropriate materials should be selected according to the use requirements, process requirements, and economic requirements of the parts.
(4) Determine the main dimensions and parameters of the parts. According to the failure analysis of the part and the determined calculation criteria, the main dimensions and parameters of the part can be determined.
(5) Structural design of parts. The reasonable shape and structural size of the parts should be determined according to the functional requirements, process requirements, and standardization requirements.
(6) Check the calculation. This check calculation is only performed for important parts and when necessary to determine the safety degree of the parts when working.
(7) Draw a working drawing of the part.
(8) Compile design calculation instructions.
We should pay attention to the design process of machine parts, in order to make the design calculation results more realistic, we should refer to the past successful design and the experience relationship accumulated in practice. If you still have some doubts about the design of machine parts after reviewing the above, you can get a comprehensive solution by contacting us.
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